PART I. MIXED METHODS 101

Chapter 1. Definition and Overview of Mixed Methods Designs

1. Definition and Characteristics of Mixed Methods Research
2. Key Factors in Mixed Methods Research Designs
3. Integration of Data
4. Relative Timing
5. Implications of Linkages for Methods in Each Component
6. Primary Mixed Methods Study Designs
7. Examples From Peer-Reviewed Published Literature
8. Convergent Design
9. Exploratory Sequential Design
10. Explanatory Sequential Design
11. Concurrent Embedded Design
12. Case Study Using a Convergent Design
13. Summary and Key Points
14. Review Questions and Exercises
15. References

Chapter 2. Applications and Illustrations of Mixed Methods Health

1. Sciences Research
2. Relevance of Mixed Methods Research in the Health Sciences
3. Clinical Research
4. Health Services Research
5. Implementation Science
6. Illustrations From Mixed Methods Studies in the Health Sciences
7. Example of a Convergent Design With a CBPR Orientation
8. Example of an Exploratory Sequential Design Using a Patient-
9. Centered Outcomes Research Orientation
10. Example of an Explanatory Sequential Design Using an
11. Implementation Science Orientation
12. Summary and Key Points
13. Review Questions and Exercises
14. References

Chapter 3. Determining the Appropriateness and Feasibility of Using

1. Mixed Methods
2. Defining the Nature of the Research Question
3. Developing the Rationale and Aims for a Mixed Methods Study
4. Key Considerations at the Planning Stage of a Project to Determine
5. Feasibility
6. Team Composition
7. Team Collaboration
8. Resources
9. Timeline
10. Dissemination
11. Summary and Key Points
12. Review Questions and Exercises
13. References

PART II. GETTING MIXED METHODS RESEARCH FUNDED

Chapter 4. Writing a Scientifically Sound and Compelling Grant Proposal

1. for a Mixed Methods Study
2. Before You Write
3. Choosing a Funding Institution
4. Communicating With Funders
5. Developing a Realistic Timeline
6. Trends in Funding for Mixed Methods Studies
7. Writing a Mixed Methods Proposal
8. Alignment Across Components of the Grant
9. Title
10. Background and Significance
11. Study Aims
12. Research Plan or Methods
13. Investigative Team and Environment
14. Cover Letter
15. Think Like a Reviewer
16. Summary and Key Points
17. Review Questions and Exercises
18. References

Chapter 5. Examples of Funded Grant Applications Using Mixed Methods

1. Real-World Examples of National Institutes of Health Grant Applications
2. Major Research Funding
3. Small Research Grants
4. Career Development Awards
5. Tips From the Field
6. Summary and Key Points
7. Review Questions and Exercises
8. References

Chapter 6. Assessing Quality in Mixed Methods Studies

1. The Importance of Research Quality for Different Audiences
2. Common Standards of Quality in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
3. Additional Standards for Quality in Designing and Conducting Mixed
4. Methods Studies
5. Conceptualization and Justification of the Study as Mixed Methods
6. Design Quality
7. Adherence to Respective Standards of Quality for Qualitative and
8. Quantitative Research
9. Adherence to Standards for Mixed Methods Data Analysis
10. Quality of Analytic Integration
11. Quality of Interpretation
12. Examples of Threats to Quality in the Design and Conduct of Mixed
13. Methods Studies
14. Summary and Key Points
15. Review Questions and Exercises
16. Case #1
17. Case #2
18. Case #3
19. References

PART III. DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING A MIXED METHODS

Chapter 7. Sampling and Data Collection in Mixed Methods Studies

1. Principles of Sound Sampling
2. Principles of Sampling in Mixed Methods Studies
3. Practices of Sampling in Mixed Methods Studies
4. Interdependent Sampling
5. Independent Sampling
6. Combined Sampling
7. Sampling Considerations Unique to Mixed Methods
8. Approaches to Data Collection in Mixed Methods Studies
9. “Fitting” Data Across Components
10. Building Team Capacity for Data Collection
11. Logistics of Implementing Data Collection
12. Summary and Key Points
13. Review Questions and Exercises
14. References
15. Chapter 8. Data Analysis and Integration in Mixed Methods Studies
16. Importance of Integration of Mixed Methods Data
17. Developing a Data Analysis Plan
18. Aligning the Overall Analysis Plan With the Study Aims and Design
19. Determining the Priority of Study Components
20. Defining the Points of Integration
21. Approaches to Integration in Data Collection and Analysis
22. Data Integration Through Merging
23. Data Integration Through Embedding
24. Data Integration Through Connecting
25. Implementing Data Integration
26. Addressing Divergence
27. Using Computer Software
28. Integration in Interpreting and Presenting Findings
29. Narrative Approaches
30. Joint Displays
31. Data Transformation
32. Summary and Key Points
33. Review Questions and Exercises
34. References

Chapter 9. Managing Mixed Methods Teams

1. Why Think About Mixed Methods Teams?
2. Mixed Methods Teams as Representational Groups
3. Considerations and Guiding Principles for Managing Teams
4. Dealing With Dif erences
5. Trusting the “Other”
6. Creating a Meaningful Group
7. Handling Conflict and Tension
8. Enacting Ef ective Leadership Roles Within the Team
9. Single Investigator Research
10. Summary and Key Points
11. Review Questions and Exercises
12. References

Chapter 10. Implementation Issues in Mixed Methods Research

1. Working With Human Research Protection Programs
2. Human Research Protection Program Overview
3. Human Research Protection Program Considerations Unique to
4. Mixed Methods Research
5. Recommendations for Preparing a Strong Mixed Methods Application for
6. Human Research Protection Program Review
7. Review Application Instructions Thoroughly
8. Contact Human Research Protection Program Staf Before
9. Submission
10. Communicate Clearly and Effectively
11. Form a Mixed Methods Team With Necessary Expertise
12. Key Issues for Specific Mixed Methods Design Types
13. Convergent Designs
14. Exploratory Sequential Designs
15. Explanatory Sequential Designs
16. Emergent Designs
17. Implementation Challenges and Strategies From the Field
18. Prioritizing Components and Findings
19. Team Approaches to Data Analysis
20. Incorporating Mixed Methods Expertise
21. Summary and Key Points
22. Review Questions and Exercises
23. References

PART IV. DISSEMINATING FINDINGS

Chapter 11. Publishing Mixed Methods Studies in the Health Sciences

1. Challenges and Opportunities in Publishing Mixed Methods Research in
2. the Health Sciences
3. Developing a Publication Strategy and Plan
4. Deciding on the Overall Approach to Publications
5. Choosing a Target Journal
6. Creating a Strong Author Team
7. Principles and Practices for Writing a Mixed Methods Manuscript
8. Know the Standards for Reporting Mixed Methods Studies
9. Write with the Audience in Mind
10. Address Data Integration in Methods
11. Select Optimal Presentation for Results
12. Be Sure the Abstract and Cover Letter Credibly Convey Mixed
13. Methods
14. Cover Letter
15. Responding to Peer Reviews for Mixed Methods Studies
16. Example of Letter for Revision and Resubmission
17. Summary and Key Points
18. Review Questions and Exercises
19. References