Question 1

Lev Vygotsky was a developmental psychologist who believed ___.

• in discovery based learning
• there was a psychosocial crisis that had to be resolved
• cognitive development occurs socially
• people are only social as adults

Question 2

Grouping pieces of information together to expand the effective capacity of short-term memory is termed___.

• clumping
• clustering
• compacting
• chunking

Question 3

A young boy had a terrible experience when a doctor in a white lab coat gave him a shot.  As a result, he cried for hours.  Now he has become classically conditioned to cry every time he sees a doctor in a white lab coat.  Which is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

• shot/needle
• crying
• white lab coat
• doctor

Question 4

The ability to know and understand onesself, is an example of what type of intelligence?

• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence
• Emotional intelligence
• Practical intelligence

Question 5

Punishments the behaviors they follow; negative reinforcer's ___ the behaviors they follow.

• increase; decrease
• increase; increase
• decrease; increase
• decrease; decrease

Question 6

What did Mischell's marshmallow study determine?

• Delaying gratification leads to more successful careers and relationships.
• Delaying gratification lead to impulsive tendencies.
• Delaying gratification had no affect on the individual.
• Delaying gratification made the individual a more patient person as an adult.

Question 7

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which memory processes occur from first to last?

• Encoding-->storage-->retrieval
• Storage-->retrieval-->encoding
• Encoding-->retrieval-->storage
• Storage-->encoding-->retrieval

Question 8

Vanessa's toaster is malfunctioning.  Sometimes her toast is ready in ten seconds; other times it's ready in thirty seconds.The toaster has Vanessa on what type of reinforcement schedule?

• fixed ratio
• fixed interval
• variable ratio
• variable interval

Question 9

I returned the lost cell phone to its owner, and as a result I received a $100.

• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
• Punishment by application
• Punishment by removal

Question 10

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus related?

• They are not related; they are completely different stimuli.
• They are the same thing; the terms are interchangeable.
• The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.
• The conditioned stimulus becomes the neutral stimulus.

Question 11

In Pavlov's study, the USC was ___; the neutral stuimulus was ___; and finally, the CS was ___. 

• meat; the bell; meat
• meat; the bell; the bell
• the bell; meat; meat
• meat; meat; bell

Question 12

Jimmy worked very hard over the past year, so his boss gave him a raise. this best illustrates an example of.... .

• Negative reinforcement
• Punishment by application
• Punishment by removal
• Positive Reinforcement

Question 13

Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist that believed development ___.

• underent a crisis at the end of each developmental stage
• is socially rooted.
• development occurs as a result of discovery based learning and cognitive processes
• an authoritative parenting style

Question 14

Which attachment style best represents this child's behavior; "seeks closeness to parent and feel anger at parent’s absence".

• Secure
• Avoidant
• Resistant
• Disorganized

Question 15

____________ is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior based on experience.

• Learning
• Studying
• Maturation
• Intelligence

Question 16

My stomach stopped hurting after I took some medicine. This example best describes...

• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
• Punishment by removal
• Punishment by application

Question 17

Ivan Pavlov was originally doing research on ______________ when something bigger, known as classical conditioning arose.

• eating and digestion
• digestion and stomach enzymes
• salivation and food
• salivation and digestion

Question 18

A research participant is required to report as much of a poem as he can remember immediately after having read the poem one time.  We would expect the greatest number of recall errors in lines: 

• at the beginning of the poem.
• in the middle of the poem.
• at the end of the poem.
• anywhere in the poem.

Question 19

A type of intelligence that is very important for surgeons and athletes.

• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence
• Emotional intelligence
• Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence

Question 20

Amy was caught driving drunk, so her license was revoked. 

• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
• Punishment by application
• Punishment by removal

Question 21

When answering such questions as "who was your date to junior prom?" or "which costume did you wear last Halloween"?; you are relying most explicitly on the memory process of:

• encoding
• potentiation
• retrieval
• storage

Question 22

__________ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

• Thorndike
• Skinner
• Pavlov
• Watson

Question 23

Piaget believed that children develop the ability to think abstractly during the ___stage.

• sensorimotor
• concrete operational
• preoperational
• formal operational

Question 24

One night when Mary was home watching her favorite TV show, a drunk driver lost control of his car and ran into the side of her house.  The loud crash scared Mary very much that it left her shaking and crying.  Whenever she watches her favorite show she feels a little nervous.  What is the UCS?

• The tv show.
• The loud crash.
• Drunk driver.
• Feeling nervous.

Question 25

___ intelligence is known as an older person's intelligence because it is associated with wisdom; whereas ___ intelligence is associated with how quickly a person can lean new things and detect patterns.

• Fluid; crystallized
• Fluid; creative
• Crystallized; creative
• Crystallized; fluid

Question 26

Erik Erikson was a developmental psychologist who believed___.

• in discovery based learning
• cognitive development happens socially
• in a constructivist approach
• that each stage of psychosocial development has a crisis to resolve.

Question 27

Which attachment style is associated with " infants use parent as a secure base and feel free to explore".

• Secure
• Avoidant
• Resistant
• Disorganized

Question 28

David's teacher assigns him a series of long division problems.  Most of the problems are beyond David's comprehension, and even with the teacher's help, he can not quite grasp the concept.  According to Lev Vygotsky, these problems are ___.

• outside the zone of proximal development.
• too abstract
• intersubjective for David
• beyond David's comfort zone

Question 29

Which attachment style is being portrayed in this scenario? The child is unresponsive to both parent and stranger.

• Secure
• Avoidant
• Resistant
• Disorganized

Question 30

Which parenting style does Baumrind believe is ideal?

• Indulgent
• Authoritarian
• Authoritative
• Neglectful

Question 31

"Cat food, cola, toothpaste".  Your roommate begins reciting items as you get ready to leave for the store.  He continues to list a few more items.Finally he wraps up "coffee, milk, soap, ice tea mix".  You forget a couple of things, but you do manage to get the cat food, cola, and tooth paste.  Your memory for these items reflects the ___ effect.

• serial Memory
• primacy 
• recency
• spatial

Question 32

Which type of intelligence is being displayed in this example?  Someone is able to understand and relate to others.

• Interpersonal intelligence           
• Intrapersonal intelligence
• Practical intelligence
• Emotional intelligence

Question 33

_____ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disapears.  The re-emergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning is known as_____.

• Extinction; spontaneous recovery
• Spontaneous recovery; extinction
• Extinction; adaptation
• Deconditioning; spontaneous recovery

Question 34

The conscience repetition of information to ensure its survival in short-term memory is ___.

• elaborate rehearsal
• primary rehearsal
• maintenance rehearsal
• rate rehearsal

Question 35

Which attachment style is associated with "confused and contradictory behaviors".

• Secure
• Avoidant
• Resistant
• Disorganized

Question 36

As you work on a complex multiplication problem in your head, the numbers you are manipulating are you your ___ memory, and the multiplication tables you are drawing on are in your ___ memory.

• working; long-term
• working; sensory
• long-term; working
• sensory; working

Question 37

Ashley didn’t pay her phone bill so her phone service was shut off.  This example best illustrates ...

• punishment by application
• punishment by removal
• positive reinforcement
• negative reinforcement

Question 38

Children in the sensorimotor stage begin to realize that people continue to exist even though they can't be seen, thus showing that they are beginning to master___.

• the a not b search error
• object permanence
• conservation
• think abstractly

Question 39

A young girl had a terrible experience when a doctor in a white lab coat gave her an immunization shot; and she cried for hours.  Now she has become classically conditioned to cry every time she sees a person in a white lab coat. What is the CS?

• Shot / needle
• White lab coat
• Doctor
• Crying

Question 40

My little sister was acting up so she received a spanking.

• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
• Punishment by application
• Punishment by removal

Question 41

Aaron sells cell phones on commission.  Every time he sells five phones, he is rewarded with a $100 bonus.  The schedule of reinforcement that is illustrated in this example is ___.

• fixed ratio
• fixed interval
• variable ration
• variable interval

Question 42

A type of intelligence that is associated with empathy and social skills.

• Interpersonal intelligence
• Emotional intelligence
• Practical intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence

Question 43

Which of the following expressions best reflects the capacity of short-term memory?

• one or two items
• unlimited storage
• about 7 +/- two letters letters
• about seven +/- two chunks

Question 44

Three-year old Jane had learned the names of fruits from a picture book.  She was taken to the grocery store and asked to identify apples and oranges.  Which of the following memory tasks would be used by Jane to identify the fruits?

• Rehearsal
• Recognition
• Consolidation
• Recall

Question 45

Exercising regularly reduces your chances of getting heart disease.

• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
• Punishment by application
• Punishment by removal